HMMM
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Symptomatic Bradycardia

Source: AHA Guidelines for CPR & ECC 2025 · Last reviewed: Jul 2026

1
Initial Action

Identify symptomatic bradycardia (usually HR <50/min). Secure airway, O₂ if hypoxic, monitor, 12-lead ECG, IV access.

2
Decision

Signs of hypoperfusion (hypotension, altered mental status, shock, ischaemic chest pain, acute heart failure)?

No → close observation, look for cause (drugs, ischaemia, hypothyroid, electrolyte disturbance, vagal tone). Yes → continue.

3

Atropine 1 mg IV/IO, may repeat every 3–5 min, maximum total 3 mg.

4

If unresponsive / unlikely to respond (e.g. high-grade AV block):

  • Transcutaneous pacing (immediately if available), or
  • Dopamine infusion 5–20 mcg/kg/min, or
  • Epinephrine infusion as alternative

Quick Dose Reference

DrugDose
Atropine1 mg IV/IO, repeat q3–5 min, max 3 mg
DopamineInfusion 5–20 mcg/kg/min
Educational quick reference only, not a substitute for clinical judgement.